CIA-UAP-003, סוכנות הביון המרכזית וסיור מהאוויר; תוכניות U-2 ו-OXCART, 1954-1974

| The Central Intelligence Agency
: and Overhead Reconnaissance:

The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974

Gregory W. Pedlow

and
Donald E. Welzenbach

History Staff
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C.

1992

—Secret—

Chapter 1
Searching for a System

The Need for High-Altitude Reconnaissance

Early Postwar Aerial RECONNAISSANCE... cee ccccseesesecseseenereaseneaeees
New Approaches to PhotoreconnaiSSance..........cccccccscsesecsesssssenennacaaee 4
The Air Force Search for a New Reconnaissance Aircraft............... 8
Lockheed CL-282 Supporters and the CIA... ceccsccstesseceeeenreeee 13

Scientists and Overhead Reconnaissance. ........eccccsecccecsceeeeeseeeseneenseeeees 17
The BEACON HILL Report oui. cccsecessscecssescesseseeescasecestesesseates 17
Concern About the Danger of a Soviet Surprise Attack ........0.0.. 19
The Air Force Intelligence Systems Panel... ceceeceeteeeeeeeeeee 21
British Overflight of Kapustin Yar. cscsssssecescseceesneeeseonneseasers 23
The Intelligence Systems Panel and the CL-282 0.000... cceeeeeeeseeeees 24
The Technological Capabilities Panel 0... cece ceeeeseeeceneeeeeneeeees 26
Project Three Support for the Lockheed CL-282...... cc cceeeeeee 27
A Meeting With the President... icc cccccececeesssscsecessecssreeeoeeesae

CIA and Air Force Agreement on the CL-282

@ Chapter 2
Developing the U-2

The Establishment of the U-2 Project... cece cseeessetseeeserereeseeeaeers
Funding Arrangements for Project AQUATONE
Major Design Features of the U-2 0... ccc cccsseecscsccensteceeneeeeeesanenenes
The Development of the Carnera System ........cccccssessececesssecseeeteeeneneees
Preparations for Testing the U-2 ooo. ccseseeneceseeseneesenseeteseeeeee
Security for the U-2 Project... cece ceeccssscessenaceceseeessnseetseeececseetteaeeeees
The CIA — Air Force Partnersnip a... ee cesssccccscceseeesseeeseseeearssaeeereeseeeees
Technical Challenges to High-Altitude Flight 0... cece teeeeeeee
Delivery of the First U-2 cocci cccccessssssteecessssesecesssecereresssesescceeeeenes
Initial Testing Of the U-2 ooo. cecccseeecesseneeeeceesssneeseescauaeseceeenenees
U-2s, UFOs, and Operation BLUE BOOK... ccc cseceeceeeetteeeeees

Hiring U-2 Pilots ........ diccecesscsseseeeessueasesseeeesgeessscndessedesecedeesesseccsadeseeedseaeseaas 73
PHOt Training .....cceeccceecseccestcceesanesetenenrsadseessseasssseeessstesessacesnecessscesteneeseeseees 75
Final Tests Of the U-2.0 ce cceceeneeessceseeceeesecsnececeeensneeeescesasestsseanenees 76
Three Fatal Crashes in 1956.0... ecceccsccsccsssnecesneceessecesseeeesceeesseetestetenses 79
Coordination of Collection Requirement ........... ccc ccssscesteeenceesseeseeaees 80
Preparations To Handle the Product of U-2 Missions... 82
The Impact of the Air Force Project GENETRIX Balloons... 84
AQUATONE Briefings for Selected Members of Congress... 88
The U-2 Cover Story ......cececcccccsscsssccesssscstnceeessesseessssessnesessssessessssseerseaetenes 89
> Chapter 3

U-2 Operations in the Soviet Bloc and Midd…