DOW-UAP-D147, AAWSAP DIRD, אולטרה-קבלים כהתקני אגירת אנרגיה והספק, נובמבר 2010

UNCLASSIFIED &/FOR-OFFICTAE USE ONET

Defense
Intelligence
Reference
Document

AR SCéefense Futures

01 November 2010

ICOD: 20 July 2010

Ultracapacitors as Energy and
Power Storage Devices for
Commercial and Military
Applications

UNCLASSIFIED &-602-OFFt6EA1-USE-ONE-

Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for
Commercial and Military Applications
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Defense Warning Office
Directorate for Analysis
Defense Intelligence Agency
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Contents
Figures
Figure 4. Electrolytic Capacitor as Designed and Patented by SOHIO.....................5
Figure 8. Transmission Electron Microscope Image of Graphene .........................19
Figure 9. Relationship Between Average Pore Size and Normalized Specific
ii

Figure 10. CDC Synthesis and Electrochemical Test Cell Preparation Schematic. 21
Figure 11. Volumetric Capacitance of the Films in (A) TEABF4 and (B) H2S04...... 21
Figure 15. Specific Energy and Estimated Costs vs. foMc ...................................... 24
Tables
Table 1: Contrasting Properties of Batteries and Ultracapacitors........................... 4
Table 3: Properties of Various Electrolytes Used in Ultracapacitors....................... 8
Table 4: Properties of Various Materials used in Electrochemical Capacitor
iii

Ultracapacitors as Energy and Power Storage Devices for
Commercial and Military Applications
Summary
Ultracapacitors (ultracaps) are energy storage devices capable of extremely
rapid charge and discharge rates with the ability to be cycled hundreds of
thousands of times. These unique capabilities make ultracaps attractive for a
number of applications. The advantages over lithium ion batteries are
somewhat mitigated by the fact that they have less than 10% of the specific
energy (Wh/kg) and require a power converter to regulate their voltage. The
high capacitance is achieved by the enormously high surface area of the
carbon electrodes compared to planar electrolytic capacitors. Ultracapacitors
are commonly used to provide voltage stabilization of power converters and to
supplement peak-power loading of electrical systems. Their application has
expanded from electronics and telecommunications to industrial load leveling
and transportation. Due to their durability, their use in a…